Gun laws in Virginia
Gun laws in Virginia regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of Virginia in the United States.
| Virginia[1][2] |
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Constitution
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| Article I, §13. |
"[...] the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed; [...]"
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Preemption and Local Regulation
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§ 15.2-915.,
§ 15.2–915.1.,
§ 15.2–915.2.,
§ 15.2–915.3.,
§ 15.2–915.4.,
§ 15.2-914. |
Localities may regulate the transportation of a loaded rifle or shotgun, require fingerprinting for concealed handgun permits, regulate the use of pneumatic guns, and the possession and storage of firearms by persons who provide child-care services.
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Existing local regulations unknown
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Restricted or Prohibited Items
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§ 18.2–308.8.,
§ 18.2–308.5. |
Armsel Striker, also known as the Striker 12, and similar shotguns are prohibited. Plastic firearms are prohibited.
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No restricted accessories
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Restricted or Prohibited Places
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§ 18.2–283.,
AG Opinion 11-043,
§ 18.2–283.1.,
§ 18.2–287.01.,
§ 18.2–287.4.,
§ 18.2–308.1.,
4VAC5-30-200.,
4VAC15-40-60.,
4VAC10-30-170.,
8VAC35-60-20.,
8VAC90-10-50.,
GA JRC Rule,
§ 18.2–308. |
- Places of religious worship, without good and sufficient reason. The Attorney General has opined that personal protection constitutes a good and sufficient reason.
- Courthouses.
- Air carrier airport terminals.
- Certain high-capacity firearms in public places in certain counties and cities; except certain persons.
- Public, private or religious elementary, middle or high schools and associated buildings, grounds, buses, and events; except certain persons.
- State parks, except certain persons.[4][5]
- Wildlife Management Areas, except certain persons.[6]
- National Forests in Virginia, except certain persons.[6]
- State Forest restrictions on lawfully carried firearms and ammunition were repealed.[7]
- On George Mason University property in academic buildings, administrative office buildings, student residence buildings, dining facilities, or while attending sporting, entertainment or educational events; except police officers.
- Anywhere on a Virginia Commonwealth University campus, without the written authorization of the president of the university; except persons whose duties lawfully require the possession of firearms.
- The Capitol and the General Assembly building; except for members of the General Assembly, persons with concealed handgun permits, and law enforcement personnel.
- Private property where prohibited by the owner.
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Restricted or Prohibited Persons
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§ 18.2–56.2.,
§ 18.2–308.7. |
- Persons under the age of 12, except while supervised.
- Persons over the age of 12, but under the age of 18, except while supervised; or unsupervised with parental and property owner permission.
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| § 18.2–308.2:01. |
- Persons who are not lawfully admitted for permanent residence.
- Persons who are not citizens, but are lawful permanent residents may not possess an "assault firearm."
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§ 18.2–308.1:1.,
§ 18.2–308.1:2.,
§ 18.2–308.1:3.,
§ 18.2–308.1:4. |
- Persons acquitted by reason of insanity.
- Persons adjudicated legally incompetent, mentally incapacitated.
- Persons involuntarily admitted to a facility or ordered to mandatory outpatient treatment.
- Persons subject to protective orders.
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§ 18.2–290.,
§ 18.2–308.1:5.,
§ 18.2–308.2. |
- Persons convicted of a crime of violence in any court of record may not possess a machine gun.
- Persons convicted of certain drug offenses; for a period of five years.
- Persons who have been convicted of a felony, kidnapping, robbery by the threat or presentation of firearms, or rape.
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Manufacturing
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§ 18.2–294.,
§ 18.2–304.,
§ 18.2–308.5. |
- Manufacturers must keep a record of all machine guns, sawed-off rifles and sawed-off shotguns that they manufacture.
- Manufacturers are subject to police inspection of their stock of machine guns, sawed-off rifles, and sawed-off shotguns.
- It is unlawful to manufacture firearms containing less than 3.7 ounces of electromagnetically detectable metal in the barrel, slide, cylinder, frame or receiver.
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Sale, Purchase, and Transfer
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§ 18.2–294.,
§ 18.2–304.,
§ 18.2–308.2:1.,
§ 18.2–308.2:3.
§ 18.2–308.2:2., |
- Dealers are subject to police inspection of their stock of machine guns, sawed-off rifles, and sawed-off shotguns.
- Dealers may not sell or otherwise furnish firearms to any person he knows is prohibited from possessing or transporting a firearm.
- Criminal background checks of employees of gun dealers are required before they may transfer firearms.
- Criminal history record information check required for the transfer of certain firearms.
- Non-residents may purchase long guns and handguns, but a handgun purchase requires a report from the Department of State Police.
- One handgun per 30-day period; except certain persons or in certain circumstances.
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§ 18.2–308.2:1.,
§ 18.2–308.2:2. |
- Private sellers may not sell or otherwise furnish firearms to any person he knows is prohibited from possessing or transporting a firearm.
- Private sellers may sell long guns and handguns.
- The "one handgun per 30-day period" law applies to private purchases; except certain persons or in certain circumstances.
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Gun show regulations unknown
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Transportation and Carry
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§ 15.2–915.2.,
§ 18.2–308. |
- Localities may regulate the transportation of a loaded rifle or shotgun.
- Persons lawfully possessing a handgun may transport such handgun loaded and in a secure compartment in a vehicle or vessel.
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| § 18.2–308. |
- There is no law against a law-abiding citizen openly carrying a firearm, therefore it is legal and no permit or license is required.[8]
- "Open carry" is the carrying of a firearm that is not concealed. Virginia defines concealed as "hidden from common observation" and "a weapon shall be deemed to be hidden from common observation when it is observable but is of such deceptive appearance as to disguise the weapon's true nature."
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§ 18.2–308.,
§ 15.2–915.3. |
- Only persons who hold certain positions, comply with certain rules or restrictions, and/or who have a Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP) may carry concealed handguns.
- Virginia issues a CHP to residents and non-residents.
- CHP applicants must provide proof of demonstrated competence with a handgun.
- Some persons are deemed disqualified from obtaining a CHP, even though they may lawfully possess and carry a firearm.
- Virginia maintains concealed handgun permit reciprocity with other States and recognizes some licenses from other States without a formal reciprocity agreement. The list of such states is maintained by the Virginia State Police.[9]
- Consuming an alcoholic beverage in ABC on-premise licensed restaurants and clubs, while carrying a concealed handgun, is prohibited. Openly carrying and consuming an alcoholic beverage is permitted. No person may carry a concealed handgun in a public place while under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs.
- § 18.2–308, which regulates concealed weapons, shall not apply to any person while in his own place of abode or the curtilage thereof.
- Except as provided in subsection J1, being "under the influence", § 18.2–308 shall not apply to:
- Any person while in his own place of business;
- Any person who may lawfully possess a firearm and is carrying a handgun while in a personal, private motor vehicle or vessel and such handgun is secured in a container or compartment in the vehicle or vessel;
- Certain current and retired law-enforcement officers and certain State employees.
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The Constitution of Virginia protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms from government infringement.[10] The Commonwealth of Virginia preempts local regulation of several aspects of firearms, though some local regulation is explicitly permitted. Virginia passed the Uniform Machine Gun Act, which was drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws.[11][12] The only firearms in Virginia that are prohibited are the Armsel Striker, also known as the Striker 12, similar shotguns, and any "plastic firearms." Firearms that contain at least 3.7 ounces of electromagnetically detectable metal in the barrel, slide, cylinder, frame or receiver, and when subjected to x-ray machines, generate an image that accurately depicts its shape, do not fall under the prohibition.[13] For example, Glock pistols which have polymer frames and metal slides and barrels are legal. There are no magazine capacity limitations, except that a concealed handgun permit is required in order to carry magazines with more than 20 rounds in some urban, public areas.[1][2]
Prohibited places include courthouses, air carrier terminals, schools, Capitol and General Assembly buildings (open carrying only, members of the General Assembly and those with a valid CHP are permitted in the Capitol General Assembly buildings), and churches, though some exceptions apply, including a 2011 Attorney General opinion that personal protection constitutes good and sufficient reason to carry at a church.[14] George Mason University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and the Department of Conservation and Recreation also have regulations restricting or prohibiting firearms. The Department of Forestry repealed its prohibition on the possession of firearms in designated recreation areas. The Department of Forestry's regulations no longer prohibit the lawful carrying of firearms and ammunition. The new regulation took effect July 7, 2011.[4][6][7][15] There are age restrictions on the possession of firearms and some people are prohibited from possessing firearms due to certain criminal convictions. Licensed dealers must have the Virginia State Police conduct a background check prior to completing the sale of certain firearms. Persons who are not in the business of selling firearms, but make occasional, private sales, are not required to perform a background check before selling their firearms. A person may not purchase more than one handgun per 30 day period, though some exceptions apply; most significantly, holders of valid Concealed Handgun Permits (CHP) from Virginia are exempt from this restriction.[1][2]
Open carry of a handgun without a permit is legal in Virginia at age 18, withstanding other applicable laws. Concealed carry of a handgun is allowed for persons who hold a valid CHP, comply with certain restrictions, or who hold certain positions. Virginia shall issue a CHP to applicants over 21 years of age, provided that they meet certain safety training requirements and do not have any disqualifying criminal convictions. Consuming an alcoholic beverage in ABC on-premise licensed restaurants and clubs, while carrying a concealed handgun, is prohibited; nor may any person carry a concealed handgun in a public place while under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs. Those laws pertaining to alcohol do not apply to openly carried handguns, however possession of a firearm can compound the penalty for various other offenses, including illegal drug possession.[1][2][16]
References